Martin Schultz – How AI models change weather and climate predictions

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Abstract: Recent years have seen a revolution in weather prediction. Since 2023, data-driven weather models are outperforming even the best numerical models that have been developed over several decades around the world. AI weather predictions are a lot faster and cheaper and they often detect future weather patterns earlier than their numerical counterparts. The models also appear robust and can be used to extrapolate to unseen climate conditions, at least within a limited range. However, several challenges remain, in particular when it comes to long-term climate projections and multi-scale feedbacks within the Earth system. The talk will review the recent achievements of AI in weather and climate modelling and discuss the current limitations.